Lithium-ion batteries are becoming more powerful. But this trend is not endless, and slowly the progress of limits – especially when used in e-cars. By contrast, lithium-metal batteries can supply twice as much energy in comparison. The biggest problem: They form dendrites that grow like dripstones on the anode. If they come through the Mebran, which separates the electrodes, it comes to a short circuit. For many years, experts have been looking for a solution worldwide for this problem.
Scientists The Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena has succeeded together with colleagues from Boston and Detroit to prevent the formation of dendrites and thus at least double the life of a lithium metal battery. The researchers report on their method in the journal “Advanced Energy Materials”. On top of that, you have registered your insights to patent.
The solution is a less than a nanometer thin membrane of carbon, says Professor Andrey Turchanin from the University of Jena. “These tiny openings are smaller than the critical seed size and thus prevent the growing of the dendrites.”Instead of forming structures, the lithium is stored as a smoother film on the anode. The danger that the membrane is damaged is banned.
“To check our way, we have recharged test batteries, which were equipped with our hybrid separator membrane,” says Dr. Antony George from the University of Jena. “Even after hundreds of charging and discharge cycles, we could not detect dendritic growth.”His colleague DR. Leela Mohana Reddy Arava complemented by Wayne State University in Detroit: “The stability of the interface guarantees improving performance and safety of this electrochemical system.”
The separator gets the least attention compared to other components of the battery, says Sathish Rajendran from Wayne University. The extent in which the wafer-thin membrane affects the battery life is “fascinating”. In a next step, the idea should also be applied to other battery types.
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With lithium-metal batteries, not only double kWh numbers per kg and volume unit, but also significant decreasing battery prices would be possible, so that there were cheap and lightweight electric cars with comparable ranges as in combustors and the burner lobby went out the last arguments.
The biggest problem of this nanese point will be high quality industrial production. Membran has a hole of telling us 100nm, does not use anything. In the hole grows dendrit and makes short circuit. I suspect this solution is not industrially scalable.