Expensive engine technology: This is how expensive the CO2 brakes make our cars

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That is how expensive the CO2 brake makes our cars

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The business sedan BMW Active Hybrid 5 with 340 hp costs 65,400 euros. With an equally beefy 3.0-liter six-cylinder petrol engine (306 hp) and 8-speed automatic but without …electric drive partner there is the Munich from 55,050 euros.

Source: BMW

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As a cheaper alternative to the common so-called full hybrid drive, the mild hybrid has been the talk of the town lately. The cheaper 48-volt mild hybrid technology v…on Schaeffler and Continental are to go into series production at a European car manufacturer next year. The two suppliers have already demonstrated it in the "Gasoline Technology Car" (GTC), a converted Ford Focus. The standard consumption of the GTC fell by 17 percent compared to the comparable conventional version of the Ford – to 4.1 l / 100 km and just below 95 grams of CO2 per kilometer.

Source: Wolfgang Pester

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The manufacturer Kia is also working on the mild hybrid drive: At the Paris Motor Show, the Korean manufacturer presented the Kia Optima T-Hybrid study with a corresponding drive, de…r will make future models of the brand more economical and environmentally friendly.

Source: dpa-tmn / cw sir

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The Volkswagen Group is currently fully on the socket: the Audi A3 1.4 TFSI Sportback e-tron with 204 PS is a plug-in hybrid that charges from the socket and costs from 37,900 euros…. As a 1.4 TFSI Sportback with a petrol engine (150 PS), its base price is 28,090 euros. Is cheaper…

Source: Audi / SPS

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… the sister model VW Golf. As a GTE plug-in hybrid with a 1.4 TSI petrol engine (150 PS), the compact also receives drive support from a 54 kW electric machine. Base p…rice: 36,900 euros. For the Golf with the same power output solo drive in the Lounge version, however, 27,925 euros have to be paid.

Source: Volkswagen / SPS

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At Mercedes, the plug-in hybrid drive is moving into the middle class. With a starting price of 50,961 euros, the C 350 e is almost 4,000 euros more expensive than the normal hybrid model. …The station wagon is available from 52,627 euros. In both body versions, a combination of a four-cylinder petrol engine and an electric motor provides propulsion. The system output is 279 hp, the purely electric range is 31 kilometers. The manufacturer specifies a consumption of 2.1 liters per 100 kilometers.

Source: Daimler / SPS

In the coming years, the CO2 limit values ​​will continue to fall, and engine developers will have more work to do. Drivers are caught in the cost trap, because new cars inevitably become more expensive.

TTechnically possible and welcome from the point of view of environmental protection: If the CO2 emissions of cars decrease, this is the implemented eco-policy of the EU Commission. But how much are we willing to pay for it?

One thing is certain: it will definitely be more expensive for the driver. Companies that aim to maximize profits would be bad companies if they did not pass the costs on, see organic food.

In the mobility sector, this means: "Every gram of CO2 that we save in Europe in the fleet costs our Group almost 100 million euros." Volkswagen boss Martin Winterkorn formulated the often-quoted sentence last autumn on the occasion of the Paris Motor Show.

Daimler CEO Dieter Zetsche and Schaeffler Head of Development Peter Gutzmer had an even clearer example ready: Every reduction of one gram of CO2 in the fleet means costs averaging around 50 euros per car. However, these are only the figures with which the manufacturers calculate internally.

Fines averted – for the time being

So far, the auto industry has technically mastered everything that the EU has imposed on it. The new vehicle fleets of all well-known manufacturers have long since reached the CO2 target value for 2015 of 130 grams of CO2 per kilometer: “The cars sold in 2013 emitted an average of 126.7 grams of CO2 per kilometer,” the European Environment Agency (EEA) recently announced.

This is the Lamborghini with a hybrid drive

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Lamborghini boss Stephan Winkelmann praises the Asterion at the Paris Salon.

Source: AP / CE AJP ** LON **

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The study with hybrid drive is intended to show the brand’s way into the future.

Source: Lamborghini

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It has 910 HP system output and the well-known 5.2 liter ten-cylinder on board. On the other hand, there are modest CO 2 emissions of 98 grams.

Source: Lamborghini

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The top speed is 320 km / h. The power is transmitted via a seven-stage dual clutch transmission

Source: Lamborghini

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If the battery is fully charged, up to 50 km can be covered purely electrically.

Source: Lamborghini

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Because the Asterion is not a production vehicle, the interior is of secondary importance. The cockpit is kept very clear and sober.

Source: Lamborghini

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Those who exceed the 125 km / h mark have to fall back on the sonorous V10.

Source: Lamborghini

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Hybrid technology can also be reflected in the design in such a sporty manner.

Source: Lamborghini

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At the Paris Salon, the Asterion will definitely attract the attention of visitors and experts.

Source: Getty Images

For the automotive industry, this means a sigh of relief in the fight against the emissions monster: Penalties such as those provided by the EU if the limit values ​​are exceeded are "practically impossible," said Thomas Puls, chief economist at the Cologne Institute for Economic Research. He assumes that the industry will also be able to pass the next round – 95 grams from 2021.

However, Puls also sees “high CO2 avoidance costs” for manufacturers, which the development of more efficient engines and drives entails: sooner or later, cars will no longer just become more expensive as they already are, but even more expensive.

Gone are the days of having a four-door VW Golf Trendline after twelve years only add an extra 855 euros to the basic equipment. At least if you compare cars with plug-in hybrid drives, which are currently favored by many manufacturers as the standard means of combating CO2.

Let’s take a little tension out of there

Due to their higher purely electric range compared to conventional hybrid cars, which is due to the larger batteries, their standard consumption (and thus the official CO2 emissions) is often very low between two and four liters.

Gasoline engines that are particularly efficient

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With CO 2 emissions of 85 grams per kilometer, the Celerio sets the best value for gasoline-powered vehicles in this segment from today’s perspective.

Source: Suzuki / SPS

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With a consumption of 4.0 liters / 100 kilometers (92 g CO 2 / km), the 3.71 meter long Mitsubishi Space Star is also impressive.

Source: Mitsubishi / SPS

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In the savings-optimized version of its three-cylinder petrol, the 3.47-meter-long Peugeot 108 is said to consume 3.8 liters / 100 km.

Source: Peugeot / SPS

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The 44 kW / 60 PS three-cylinder in the VW Up comes with fuel-saving aids, which are summarized at Volkswagen under "Blue Motion Technology", to a standard consumption of 4.1 Li…tern per 100 kilometers.

Source: VW / SPS

But this requires high-voltage batteries (200 volts), which drive up the sales price. The Golf GTE 1.4 TSI plug-in hybrid 150 PS, for example, shows this: its basic price is 36,900 euros, that of the same performance Golf 1.4 TSI, even in the high equipment level ACT Lounge, at 28,325 euros. Makes almost 8500 euros extra.

But: For Golf and mid-range cars, there are significantly more cost-effective solutions than full and plug-in hybrid drives to reduce CO2 emissions, emphasizes Schaeffler’s head of development, Peter Gutzmer: for example, 48-volt mild hybrid technology.

In the Schaeffler solution, which was developed together with Continental, a smaller 48-volt electric machine works as a second motor with an output of 19 hp and a maximum torque of 135 Newton meters. It takes over the starter and generator functions at the same time and replaces the alternator. Another cost depressing factor is that the voltage reduction means that touch protection measures are unnecessary, and mechanics do not need any special high-voltage training for maintenance.

Consumption savings of a fifth

The electric motor is connected to the crankshaft of the gasoline engine via a belt drive and thus recovers energy when braking, which flows into the 48-volt batteries. With so-called coasting, a refined form of recuperation, the engine is decoupled from the drive train when it coasts to a stop at traffic lights in order to minimize friction losses and instead achieve a higher level of efficiency in braking energy recovery. When moving off, the electric motor also pushes. While driving, the petrol engine can also be switched off completely if it is not needed for propulsion.

BMW’s eco-prototype with light camouflage

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The adhesive films on this car seem a bit strange because the BMW X5 is on the market and is no longer a secret. However, this is the prototype of the X5 eDrive, and according to a Vo…By resolution of the ruling, all prototypes driving on the BMW test site in Miramas, France, must wear camouflage. Above all, nobody should see the trademark.

Source: BMW

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Under the bonnet, a two-liter turbo four-cylinder with 245 hp and 350 Newton meters of torque works together with a 95 hp electric motor, the other 250 Newt…brings onmeter. The system performance is not yet known, BMW is aiming for values ​​around 275 hp and well over 400 Newton meters.

Source: BMW

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There is a new flap on the front left fender, behind which the power connection of the X5 eDrive is hidden. The batteries are located above the rear axle and raise the load compartment floor…n by a good two centimeters. With a capacity of 9.2 kilowatts, the batteries at the household socket are charged in two and a half hours and then allow a range of 30 kilometers again.

Source: BMW

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You can take full advantage of this by pressing the Max eDrive switch on the center console. Then the gasoline engine remains silent until the power runs out or the speed is 120 km / h… exceeds. But if you need the full overall performance of the car very quickly, you also get it – by kickdown, i.e. by suddenly depressing the accelerator pedal to the stop.

Source: BMW

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The power flow diagram for Max eDrive looks like this: Energy (blue) flows from the battery pack above the rear axle to the electric motor, which is behind the gasoline engine in the eight-speed automatic gear…shoots. From there the power goes to the wheels.

Source: BMW

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The most common use is likely to be the Auto eDrive setting, which is always active after the car has been started. Here the on-board computer calculates when it makes the most sense…t to use the electric motor. In the force flow diagram it can then …

Source: BMW

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… each look different. If the electric motor supports the gasoline engine (boost mode), you can see blue and red energy and power flows, red stands for the activi…actions of the gasoline engine. Another possibility …

Source: BMW

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… is that the gasoline engine drives the car alone and recharges the batteries at the same time. While this is the only way to recharge with the classic hybrid, P…lug-in hybrids can also be charged at the socket. But sometimes it is …

Source: BMW

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… It is also necessary not to use the electric motor – for example, if the driver (or his navigation system) knows that at the end of the journey it will be through a city center that is suitable for cars with Ve…If the combustion engine is blocked, the electricity in the batteries is saved precisely for this purpose. And the most ecological …

Source: BMW

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… A variant is driving with the petrol engine switched off and the batteries being charged at the same time. That only goes downhill, when braking or when approaching a traffic light. This V…The process of converting kinetic energy into electrical energy is called recuperation.

Source: BMW

Recuperation, boosting and sailing can also be done by others – but the mild hybrid apparently does this particularly well. "With recuperation and boosting alone, we achieve around 15 percent savings in consumption," said Gutzmer, although in real operation it could even be more than 20 percent.

The crux of the matter, however, are the comparatively low costs: For the 48-volt mild hybrid equipment, Gutzmer only spoke of the additional costs that are usually incurred with diesel compared to a gasoline engine – around 2,000 to 3,000 euros.

So far, Schaeffler / Continental has only said that the technology will go into series production at a European car manufacturer next year. A similar drive principle, which enables consumption savings of 15 to 20 percent, is also planned by Kia.

Additional costs of 10,000 euros plus

But by how many euros do cars generally become more expensive? Depending on the car segment, the costs range from less than 1,000 euros and can hit the 10,000 euros mark if they are to undercut the next CO2 fleet limit of 95 g / km, which will be mandatory from 2021. Because the engineers would face a challenge: Diesel cars are then not allowed to consume more than 3.6 liters on average, petrol cars not more than 4.1 liters.

With three wheels and a three-liter consumption

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Strange vehicle: Elio Motors, a company from Phoenix, Arizona, has developed an idiosyncratic two-seater with three wheels.

Source: Elio

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It is powered by a three-cylinder petrol engine with 55 hp. Consumption should be just three liters of fuel per 100 kilometers. Elio Motors specifies the price at 5000 euros.

Source: Elio

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At the moment only prototypes drive the streets. The narrow fuel-efficient vehicle is due to hit the American market in autumn 2015 and later possibly also to Europe.

Source: Elio

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Since the Elio weighs only 500 kilograms, it should be able to drive over 160 km / h and accelerate from a standstill to 100 km / h in just under ten seconds.

Source: Elio

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In contrast to European fuel-saving models, Elio Motors does not use expensive components such as hybrid batteries or body parts made of carbon.

Source: Elio

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Instead, the engineers rely on a conventional plastic body and tried-and-tested components from other vehicles. The seat, for example, comes from the Ford Mustang and d…he steering wheel from the Chevrolet Camaro.

Source: Elio

And it will get even more expensive, because from 2025 the EU will apply even stricter standards. The limit value has not yet been set, but a range of 78 g / km to 68 g / km is being discussed, which would mean savings in fleet fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of up to 2.6 liters of diesel and 2.9 liters of gasoline.

At the target value of 68 grams, the car manufacturing costs rose by 3200 euros to 4100 euros per vehicle, according to a current study by the Institute for Motor Vehicles at RWTH Aachen University (IKA). Of course, car buyers have to expect far more.

The EU Commission can only win in the power game over the CO2 limit values. If it can enforce the planned CO2 limits against the car manufacturers, penalties for excess emissions will be likely and they will flow into the EU budget. With CO2 target values ​​as low as those discussed for 2025, fines in the hundreds of millions are conceivable for large German manufacturers.

The A3 runs on electricity and petrol

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Four rings and a plug – if you press the brand logo in the radiator grille of the Audi A3 e-tron, you move the four rings a little to the side so that the connection for recharging d…he batteries are exposed.

Source: Audi

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Otherwise, the e-tron is an A3 Sportback like any other: 4.31 meters long, more like a …

Source: Reprint for press purposes free of charge

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… Kurzheck, as they say today, as a station wagon – and, compared to the standard Sportback, can be used almost without restrictions: Because the batteries …

Source: Audi

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… are under the back seat, the tank had to move over the rear axle. That shrinks the trunk (280 to 1150 liters instead of 380 to 1220 liters), and it prevents that …the A3 Sportback e-tron can be offered with all-wheel drive. But straight away, the plug-in hybrid is only …

Source: Audi

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… recognizable by the specially attached logos on the radiator grille and tailgate. That’s why the car had another one on early PR pictures …

Source: Audi

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… corresponding lettering on the side. But that is not offered to customers.

Source: Audi

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The 102 hp electric motor is right next to the 1.4 liter TFSI (turbo gasoline direct injection), which has an output of 150 hp. The system output is 204 hp, the common D…torque is 350 Newton meters.

Source: Audi

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At first glance, the cockpit does not differ from that of other A3 models, but if you take a closer look, you will …

Source: Audi

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… missing tachometer. Instead, the round instrument to the left of the speedometer shows how much electrical energy is currently being used – or how much when the …Cars flowing back into the battery.

Source: Audi

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In addition, there are of course new displays in the flat screen, which comes up from the center console when it is started. This is the most important list: The driver can choose from four different options…Select the different operating modes for the interaction between the petrol engine and the electric motor.

Source: Audi

Volkswagen boss Winterkorn warns against rushing things. It is enough if the auto industry and EU authorities "in a few years’ time calmly and objectively assess how the current legal situation will affect and which steps are then sensible".

These words can also be interpreted as follows: Nervousness is slowly spreading in the industry, because it is not yet clear whether the engineers will also master the next requirements. Most recently, it became clear that progress can also slow down. For the first time in years, the average CO2 emissions of new cars fell less sharply in 2014 – one of the reasons for this is the demand for SUVs, which, paradoxically, are mainly fed by car manufacturers.

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